Seeing edges, not objects
Artists don't draw 'a cup' — they draw the exact curve of its edge and where light fades to shadow. Learning line, shape, and shading is learning to see what's really in front of you instead of the symbol in your head.
Everything starts simple
Complex objects are built from simple shapes — circles, squares, triangles. Draw the big shapes first, then add detail. Shading (light to dark) makes a drawing look solid.
Value
Value is how light or dark something is. Pressing harder with a pencil makes a darker value.