Grammar & Composition
Lesson 3 of 4 8 min +50 XP

Clauses & Sentence Types

Build sentences that hold together.

What you'll learn

  • Define independent and dependent clauses
  • Identify simple, compound, and complex sentences
  • Join clauses correctly
Train cars that stand alone

'I laughed' is a complete train car — it can travel alone. 'Because I laughed' needs to hook onto another car to make sense. Clauses combine into simple, compound, and complex sentences the way cars link into different trains.

Clauses are the building blocks

A clause has a subject and a verb. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence; a dependent (subordinate) clause cannot. Combining clauses gives sentence variety: a simple sentence has one independent clause, a compound sentence joins two independent clauses, and a complex sentence joins an independent clause with a dependent one.

Join them properly

Link two independent clauses with a comma + conjunction ('I ran, and I won') or a semicolon. Joining them with only a comma creates a comma splice — an error.

Simulation · Parts-of-speech tagger

Tap a word to cycle its part of speech.

Tag the words to spot the subject and verb that anchor each clause.

Lab · Name the sentence type
  1. Read: 'Because it rained, the game was postponed.'
  2. Find the dependent clause and the independent clause.
  3. Classify the sentence type.

What you should see: 'Because it rained' is dependent; 'the game was postponed' is independent — one of each makes it a complex sentence.

Knowledge Check

+15 XP / correct

1. An independent clause is one that…

2. Joining two independent clauses with only a comma produces a…