Civics & Government
Lesson 1 of 3 8 min +55 XP

Foundations of Government

Why governments exist.

What you'll learn

  • Explain the social contract
  • Contrast democracy with autocracy
  • Define a constitution
Why the playground needs rules

Without any rules the playground descends into the strongest kid taking every swing. Government exists for the same reason — to set shared rules so people can live together fairly instead of by force.

The deal behind government

The social contract is the idea that people give up some freedoms to a government in exchange for order, safety, and shared services. In a democracy, power ultimately rests with the people, who choose their leaders; in an autocracy, one ruler or party holds power. A constitution is the written framework of rules a government must follow.

Rule of law

In a constitutional government, even the most powerful officials are bound by the law — no one is above it.

Lab · Democracy or not?
  1. In country A, citizens vote in free elections and leaders can be voted out.
  2. In country B, one party picks the leader and elections have one choice.
  3. Label each and give the reason.

What you should see: A is a democracy — power flows from the people through real choice. B is an autocracy — power is held without genuine consent.

Knowledge Check

+15 XP / correct

1. The social contract is the idea that people…

2. A constitution is…