Japanese I
Lesson 3 of 3 9 min +60 XP

Particles は and です

The glue of simple sentences.

What you'll learn

  • Use the topic particle は (wa)
  • Use です to end a statement
  • Form a simple 'A is B' sentence
The sentence glue

In Japanese, は (wa) marks the topic and です (desu) politely closes the sentence: 'Watashi wa gakusei desu' — I am a student. These particles are the glue holding a simple sentence together.

Marking the topic

Japanese uses small words called particles to show a word's role. The particle は (written like 'ha' but pronounced 'wa' here) marks the topic — what the sentence is about. 'Desu' is a polite way to end a statement, roughly 'is/am/are'. The pattern [Topic] は [description] です builds countless sentences.

Kore wa hon desu.  →  'This is a book.'
Nihongo wa omoshiroi desu.  →  'Japanese is interesting.'
Lab · Build a sentence
  1. Choose a topic word (e.g., 'neko' = cat).
  2. Add は after it to mark it as the topic.
  3. Add a description and end with です.

What you should see: 'Neko wa kawaii desu' — 'The cat is cute.' The frame [topic] は [description] です produces a polite, complete statement.

Knowledge Check

+15 XP / correct

1. The particle は (in this use) marks the…

2. 'Kore wa hon desu' means…